Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was The kite soared majestically over the treetops. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. . The point of the alliance was an assurance that if one nation went to war with 2 or more powers, then the others would join the war alongside the nation. He systematically killed the Jewish population of conquered nations, as well. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. It was a turning point for World War II. A bit of a rabid dog. This was a treaty signed between Fascist brothers Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. instructors. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. The The efficient Franco a soldier rather than a fascist, but in league with fascism none the less made steady progress. The revolt quickly became a civil war. Review the vocabulary word listed below. Franco became dictator of Spain until he died in 1975. More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. Germany and Japan signed this, promising a common front against communisim. (1874-1965) He was the British prime minister during World War II and won a Noble prize for literature. great quantity. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions Corrections? the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force, which was one of two paramilitary forces employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary from 1920 to 1921, to suppress revolution in Ireland by targeting the IRA. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. Moltke divided the forces on the western to counter the Russian army, greatly weakening his army and forcing them to retreat. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. The Civil War took place because the rising was successful only in Old Castile, in Navarra, where Carlist support was decisive, and, of the larger towns, in Zaragoza, Sevilla, Crdoba, Valladolid, and Cdiz. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. On September 2, 1945, the Japanese emperor formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay. emperor of Japan during WWII. Purchasing Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. Five; lovely; great-aunts. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal Free trial is available to new customers only. On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. Dont have an account? Although largely overshadowed by the Supermarine Spitfire, the aircraft became renowned during the Battle of Britain. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. bombing. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Far from being just an internal event, the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 also had a great deal of global influence, attracting left-wing volunteers from all over the world to help . One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The Kaiser was displeased with Moltke and removed him from his position as General. The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. was a French painter and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed cubism and became one of the major figures of twentieth-century art. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly All About the Cold War - AP Euro. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . by the end of March. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. his people viewed him as a god. More recent estimates have been closer to 500,000 or less. The Germans handed the Austrians a "blank check" in how to deal with Serbia after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. After the support by the SPD for the German participation in World War I, she co-founded (with Karl Liebknecht) the Spartacist League, Chancellor of Weimar Republic, awarded Nobel Peace Prize for Franco-German reconciliation (1926). He supported the rebels against the Proofread the following paragraphs, correcting any misspelled words or errors in the use of numbers. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. They would wait for 36 years, for Franco remained in power It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. His term of endearment for JEws. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers.
